Cannon Game Using Python With Source Code

Introduction :

In this tutorial, we’ll create a simple cannon game using Python. The game will involve a cannonball that players shoot towards moving targets. We’ll use the turtle graphics module for rendering and the free games module to manage the game logic. This project will teach you how to handle screen interactions, animations, and basic game mechanics This cannon game is a fun, interactive project that demonstrates basic game developmentco ncepts using Python. In this game, a cannonball is fired when you tap the screen, and your goal is to hit moving targets. The game will keep track of the ball’s movement, handle collisions with targets, and update the game display accordingly

Required Modules :

To run this project, you’ll need the turtle and free games modules. Install the free games module using pip

				
					pip install freegames

How to Run the Code :-

1. Install Dependencies:

○ Ensure you have Python installed.
○ Install the freegames module using pip.

2. Run the Code:

○ Save the provided code in a file named cannon_game.py.
Run the script using Python:

				
					 python cannon_game.py

3. Use the Game :

○ Tapanywhere on the screen to fire the cannonball.
○ Thecannonball will move towards the tapped position and attempt to hit the targets.

Code Explanation :-

Let’s break down the key components of the code:

1. Importing Modules

				
					 from random import randrange
 from turtle import *
 from freegames import vector

Weimport the turtle module for graphics, the random module to generate random targets,
and vector from freegames to handle points in the game.

2. Initializing Game Variables

				
					 ball = vector(-200,-200)
 speed = vector(0, 0)
 targets = []

● ball: Theposition of the cannonball.
● speed: The speed and direction of the cannonball.
● targets: List of targets to hit.

3. Handling Screen Taps

				
					 def tap(x, y):
 "Respond to screen tap."
 if not inside(ball):
 ball.x =-199
 ball.y =-199
 speed.x = (x + 200) / 25
 speed.y = (y + 200) / 25

tap(x, y): Called when the screen is tapped. It sets the cannonball’s speed based on the tap position

4. Checking If a Point Is Inside the Screen

				
					 def inside(xy):
 "Return True if xy within screen."
 return-200 &lt; xy.x &lt; 200 and-200 &lt; xy.y &lt; 200

inside(xy): Returns True if the point is within the game screen bounds.

5. Drawing the Game Elements

				
					 def draw():
 "Draw ball and targets."
 clear()
 for target in targets:
 goto(target.x, target.y)
 dot(20, 'blue')
 if inside(ball):
 goto(ball.x, ball.y)
 dot(6, 'red')
update()

draw(): Clears the screen and redraws the ball and targets

6. Moving the Ball and Targets

				
					 def move():
 "Move ball and targets."
 if randrange(40) == 0:
 y = randrange(-150, 150)
 target = vector(200, y)
 targets.append(target)
 for target in targets:
 target.x-= 0.5
 if inside(ball):
 speed.y-= 0.35
 ball.move(speed)
 dupe = targets.copy()
 targets.clear()
 for target in dupe:
 if abs(target- ball) &gt; 13:
 targets.append(target)
 draw()
 for target in targets:
 if not inside(target):
 return
 ontimer(move, 50)

move(): Moves the cannonball and targets, updates their positions, and handles collisions. If a target is hit, it’s removed from the game.

7. Setting Up the Game

				
					 setup(420, 420, 370, 0)
 hideturtle()
 up()
 tracer(False)
onscreenclick(tap)
 move()
 done()

setup(): Initializes the game window.
● hideturtle(): Hides the turtle cursor.
● up(): Moves the turtle to the “pen up” state.
● tracer(False): Disables automatic screen updates for better performance.
● onscreenclick(tap): Registers a click event handler for the game.
● move(): Starts the game loop.
● done(): Completes the setup and starts the game.

Source Code :

				
					from random import randrange
from turtle import *
from freegames import vector

ball = vector(-200, -200)
speed = vector(0, 0)
targets = []

def tap(x, y):
    "Respond to screen tap."
    if not inside(ball):
        ball.x = -199
        ball.y = -199
        speed.x = (x + 200) / 25
        speed.y = (y + 200) / 25

def inside(xy):
    "Return True if xy within screen."
    return -200 &lt; xy.x &lt; 200 and -200 &lt; xy.y &lt; 200

def draw():
    &quot;Draw ball and targets.&quot;
    clear()
    goto(ball.x, ball.y)
    dot(10, &#039;blue&#039;)
    for target in targets:
        goto(target.x, target.y)
        dot(20, &#039;red&#039;)
    update()

def move():
    &quot;Move ball and targets.&quot;
    if inside(ball):
        speed.y -= 0.35
        ball.move(speed)
    for target in targets:
        target.x -= 0.5
    if randrange(40) == 0:
        y = randrange(-150, 150)
        target = vector(200, y)
        targets.append(target)
    draw()
    for target in targets:
        if not inside(target):
            return
    ontimer(move, 50)

setup(420, 420, 370, 0)
hideturtle()
up()
tracer(False)
onscreenclick(tap)
move()
done()

Output :

When you run the code, a window will appear where you can tap to fire the cannonball. The cannonball will travel towards the tapped location, attempting to hit moving targets. The targets will appear randomly and move horizontally across the screen. The game will continue running until you close the window.

Reference
For more information on the turtle and freegames modules, you can refer to their respective documentation:
● Turtle Graphics Documentation

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