Code Explanation  

Let’s explore one of the core functionalities of Adding a New Patient 

private void btnAddActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { 

 String name = txtName.getText(); 

 int age = Integer.parseInt(txtAge.getText()); 

 String gender = (String) comboGender.getSelectedItem();   

 try { 

 Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hospital",  "root", ""); 

 PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO patients(name, age, gender)  VALUES (?, ?, ?)"); 

 pst.setString(1, name); 

 pst.setInt(2, age); 

 pst.setString(3, gender); 

 pst.executeUpdate(); 

 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Patient Added Successfully");  } catch (SQLException e) { 

 e.printStackTrace(); 

 } 

} 

1. Admin Login 

Everything starts in the login screen (Login.java) where the admin enters a username and  password. 

The credentials are then verified against hardcoded values or records in a database. After authentication is successful, the main dashboard (HomePage.java) is displayed. 

2. Patient Management (AddPatient.java, ViewPatient.java) 

AddPatient.java runs a patient detail collection form for name, gender, contact, and address are  collected through text boxes and combo boxes. 

When the “Add” button is pressed, a SQL INSERT statement will be executed via  PreparedStatement to save the patient details to the patients table. 

ViewPatient.java runs an existing patients records display retrieved from an SQL SELECT query  and displayed in a JTable. 

Mentioned existing patient records will have functions available to update or delete the existing  record that will be triggered by run using UPDATE and DELETE SQL queries that will be triggered  by buttons. 

Doctor Management (AddDoctor.java, ViewDoctor.java) 

Similar to patient management. 

This function will allow doctors to be added, viewed, edited, or deleted from their own list. Similar JDBC operations, but doctor specific fields such as specialization and department. 

4. Database Connectivity 

Using JDBC throughout the project to connect the MySQL database.

There will either be a separate method or class (typically called something such as  DBConnection.java) to hold the database access credential details, as well as provide a  predictable way to open and close connection. 

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hms 

5. GUI Creation 

GUI components — JLabel, JTextField, JButton, JTable, JPanel — are used to build forms. 

Layout managers (FlowLayout, GridLayout, AbsoluteLayout) are used to place the components in  each window. 

Event listeners (ActionListener) are used to listen to the button clicks to run database operations. 

Data input: The program receives the user data from text boxes. 

JDBC Connection: The program connects to the hospital database. 

Prepared statement: The prepared statement is used to safely insert values into patient table . Feedback : Message box appears to confirm successful data entry. 

Why This Matters: 

• Prepared statements prevent SQL injection. 
• It follows good practices of separating GUI and logic. 
• Easy to adapt and extend for other modules (doctors, staff, etc.). 
• Other similar methods exist for editing and deleting records, booking appointments, or generating  bills. The entire codebase is modular and event-driven, which helps in future updates.